Molecular target
ACE / RAAS Pathway
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme is central to the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system regulating blood pressure and vascular tone. Several plants (hibiscus, hawthorn, olive leaf) modulate components of this pathway.
Educational use only. This page summarizes published research and traditional-use records for educational purposes. It does not diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Do not start, stop, or change medications based on this information. Discuss any decisions about therapies — pharmaceutical or botanical — with a qualified clinician who knows your medical history.
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Pharmaceutical agents
Drugs that act on ACE / RAAS Pathway
These medications have ACE / RAAS Pathway among their molecular targets. Sharing a target is a mechanistic relationship — it does not make any plant below an alternative to, or substitute for, these drugs.
Botanical connections
Plants whose compounds act on ACE / RAAS Pathway
Each plant below contains a named compound documented to act on ACE / RAAS Pathway. The compound and the reason for the connection are shown on every edge — a shared mechanism, not a therapeutic equivalence.
- Anthocyanins (delphinidin, cyanidin glycosides)Anthocyanin
Pigment compounds responsible for the deep red color; ACE inhibitory activity contributes to BP lowering.
- Hibiscus acidOrganic acid
Unique to hibiscus; competitive ACE inhibition demonstrated in vitro.
- Buckwheat-derived ACE-inhibitory tripeptide (Gly-Pro-Pro)Bioactive peptide
Ma et al. (2006) isolated and identified an ACE-inhibitory tripeptide (Gly-Pro-Pro) from buckwheat protein hydrolysates via consecutive chromatographic methods. Activity was demonstrated in vitro; in vivo and clinical data are not established in the available citations.
- Amaranth protein hydrolysate peptidesBioactive peptides
In vitro studies report that extruded amaranth pepsin/pancreatin hydrolysates may inhibit NF-κB signalling in LPS-stimulated macrophages and display ACE-inhibitory activity (Montoya-Rodríguez et al., 2014).
- OleuropeinSecoiridoid
Primary olive-leaf compound; ACE inhibition and antioxidant activity. Hydrolyzed in the gut to hydroxytyrosol.
- Quercetinflavonoid
Inhibits platelet aggregation via TXA2 pathway, mild ACE inhibition, and stabilizes mast cells (reducing histamine release).
- Punicalagins (ellagitannins)Tannin
Largest molecules in pomegranate juice; gut-microbiome-converted to urolithins which are the actually bioavailable downstream metabolites.